Blogs > Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic weekly update for Malvern SeniorsClick to read our observations on politics and world events 4th December 2022 LIFE RETURNS TO NORMAL, COVID JUST ANOTHER VIRUS Those aged 50+ years can obtain Autumn booster vaccinations at Malvern Football Club, Langland Avenue on Monday 5th December 10 am to 4 pm PreambleFor nearly three years we have been keeping an eye on the published government figures and monitoring the media to asses the likely level of risk for Seniors in the Malvern Hills district and providing links to where further information could be found. During the epidemic Public Health England was split into the UK Health Security Agency and Office for Health Improvements and Disparities. However for simplicity, in this blog, we have continued to refer to this as PHE data. Testing was run down many months ago and the public can no longer record the result of Lateral Flow tests so those daily cases reported on the Coronavirus Dashboard greatly underestimate the actual situation. The chief remaining sources of data indicating direction of travel are:
We'll carry on with our blog for a little while longer as the epidemic passes and life returns to normal. As sections become no longer relevant we have been deleting them, but you can always refer back to archived pages. This page will continue to be updated weekly nominally with Sunday's date. ContentsSummaryThe Autumn Wave of COVID-19 peaked in the middle of October and in consequence hospital bed occupancy had been falling - until last week. A gradual rise in cases can now be expected continuing into January, but for the majority COVID no longer represents a critical threat to health. In Worcestershire relatively few people are being admitted to hospital with severe illness and typically no more than a handful a week are dying in a population of approximately 600,000. COVID-19 has become endemic in the UK; that is it can be regularly found in the community, and is just another of many viruses circulating against which the majority of the population has built up a degree of immunity. Winter Wave or RippleThe Winter Wave expected by some commentators may yet turn out no more than a ripple, but it could have a significant impact on the crisis in the NHS. The latest University College London modelling suggests cases will start rising in early December reaching a maximum possibly little higher than the Autumn wave in late January 2023. Should that comes about weekly UK deaths might fall no further than 350 before possibly rising towards 850 in January - that may seem a lot but is nothing for people to be directly concerned about. Any Winter Wave would be most unlikely to restrict celebrations this Christmas, but could briefly push weekly COVID deaths up a little in the New Year. Crisis in the NHSWe think it possible the Winter Wave of COVID-19 could push NHS England COVID Bed Occupancy up to 12,000 in January, which together with an estimated 13,000 patients awaiting discharge but unable to be sent home and possible strikes by nurses will increase the pressure on the NHS. This would result in some patients failing to get the required treatment and Excess deaths many times those currently due to COVID could be reported by ONS in future months. What happens if you get sickIf you are feeling poorly there is now a fair chance it won't be COVID but some other winter respiratory illness; according to the Zoe Health Study only 30% or so of respiratory infections are currently due to COVID. If you have a stash of Lateral Flow Tests you can test yourself at home. However be aware that a negative test does not guarantee you don't have COVID. Whatever the virus best stay away from other people until you feel better. Do not be surprised if you catch COVID because prevalence is still quite high and vaccination, while protecting from severe illness, has rarely in the past prevented infection. Some may either show no symptoms or have a mild fever, sore throat, general aches and pains, and quickly get over it; while others could feel quite poorly and spend between two and five days in bed, with it taking five to ten days or so to recover. Some of those who have caught COVID report either getting easily tired or suffering from shortness of breath for some weeks afterwards; if so patients are advised to take it easy until fully recovered. A small number of patients report debilitating symptoms for months after so-called recovery. For example see Dez Medinger and Danny Altmann's book The Long COVID Handbook in bibliography. PrecautionsNowadays few people seem to be taking precautions - for many months that has been a personal decision. The bookmark below will take you to the Worcestershire County Council webpage links at the end - there is little new to see. Click for Worcestershire Dashboard and associated links Booster shotsAn Autumn booster jab is being offered to all those aged 50+ years and patients designated Clinically Extremely Vulnerable, such as with a severely weakened immune system. Note: you should not book if it is less than 3 months since your last vaccination or you have had COVID within the last 2 weeks. Seniors are advised to get both the COVID booster and flu jabs in order to reduce the likelyhood of severe illness and hospitalisation. The NHS advises it is safe to have both jabs at the same time, but to minimise side effects you might want to consider having them a week apart. Independent SAGE say take up is 89% in those aged 75+ years, 76% in those aged 65 - 74, but only 54% in those aged 50 - 64 years. Either the NHS or your GP Surgery (or both) should contact you when it is your turn to book; either by email, text message or letter. You should not need to contact them. The arrangements for getting vaccinated have changed slightly with the rollout of Autumn boosters. According to SW Healthcare, representing GP Surgeries, the centre at the Three Counties Showground has closed and vaccinations will either be at GP Surgeries, or at walk-in 'Pop-Up' Clinics, else roving 'Vaccine Vans' which are otherwise known as 'Jab-Vans'. That is not the complete picture as some pharmacies such as Claremont House in Barnards Green and Evans in Malvern Link may be offering walk-in and timed appointments. To book an Autumn Booster on-line:- Click for NHS National Booking Service Note: you may sometimes have to travel out of town to get an Autumn booster appointment, depending on vaccine availability. Alternatively you can wait to be contacted by your GP Surgery and in due course get your Flu vaccine at the same time. Don't forget to check the mobile phone you have registered with your GP surgery for text messages. If you think you have been forgotten or don't have a mobile phone, phone your GP surgery to book an appointment. Our email from the NHS included a link for finding walk-in centres: Click this NHS link to find a walk-in coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination site Depending on availability you could be offered either of the original Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, or the new Pfizer and Moderna bivalent vaccines which protect against both the original Wuhan strain and Omicron BA.1. The SW Healthcare website explains the Worcestershire arrangements that are gradually being put in place by GPs in conjunction with NHS Herefordshire and Worcestershire. Click for SW Healthcare information about where to get your vaccination in Worcestershire Hint: click Vaccine Rollout on the navigation bar at the top of the page and then Vaccine Van for pop-ups. When we last looked, the pop-up van would only be at Malvern Football Ground on Monday 5th December 2022. In summary, if you want to get your Autumn booster you can either book an on-line appointment, possibly having to travel out of town, look for a local walk-in centre such as Claremont House and Evans Pharmacies, look for a pop-up, or perhaps easiest contact your GP Surgery and book your flu jab at the same time. Vaccination SitesThe NHS England website has a spreadsheet updated 5th October 2022 listing vaccination centres under the categories:
Note: this does not mention plans for pop-ups or vaccination-vans. Click for NHS England Vaccination Sites Two pharmacies in Malvern are listed Evans in Malvern Link, and Claremont House in Barnards Green. Prospect View is the only GP Health centre listed in Malvern. (No information listed for Whiteacres Medical Centre, Malvern Link; do tell us if you know) Upton Surgery is used by some residents of Malvern and surrounds. The Malvern Showground remains listed as a Vaccination Centre despite SW Healthcare saying it has closed. If you know the situation there do please let us know. No hospital hubs are listed for Worcestershire. Note: for historical information about how to get vaccinated, which may be out of date, select an archived report eg Go to 'How to Get Vaccinated' section of the 7th August 2022 blog Number of casesThere are now three sources reporting the prevalence of COVID-19 in the UK.
ONS infection surveyONS estimates that 873,200 people in England had COVID-19 in the week ending 21st November 2022; a rise of 8% on the previous week. Click for latest Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey, UK
Prevalence of COVID-19 in England estimated by ONS Prevalence is estimated 1:75 in Wales (falling); 1:60 in Scotland; and 1:65 in Northern Ireland. Zoe Health StudyThe ZOE Health Study estimates are shown in the following table.
Prevalence of COVID-19 in UK estimated by the Zoe Health Study According to the more recent Zoe figures, estimated prevalence and daily cases have roughly flat-lined during the last week, while figures for Hospital bed occupancy suggest cases have crept up slightly Number of deathsStatistics on COVID deaths are published by Public Health England, The Office of National Statistics, and NHS England. These can't be directly compared as they cover different periods, but together the figures paint a picture of the direction of travel - which is that weekly deaths have been falling for several weeks. However an uptick in hospital bed occupancy suggests the real-time death rate may be approaching a plateau after which deaths could rise a little. PHE figuresThe Dashboard chart of COVID (28) deaths, following a positive test, by date of death shows that the 7 day average peaked in England at about 148 on 19th October, then gradually falling to 59 daily deaths by 21st November. Click to view the UK government Coronavirus Dashboard ONS figuresThe Office of National Statistics (ONS) reports registered deaths in England and Wales where COVID-19 is mentioned somewhere on the death certificate. The ONS figures lag real time by 10 - 14 days due to the administrative delay in submitting and processing reports, and do not include Northern Ireland and Scotland. Note: the figures include cases where COVID may have been a secondary cause of death. Click for ONS data on deaths (Excel spreadsheet) The ONS figures are broken down by Local Authority providing a glimpse of where deaths are occurring. The provisional cumulative total of COVID related deaths in Worcestershire reported by the ONS up to 18th November (week 46 of 2022) is shown below. Note: the numbers are now derived from Table 1 of the ONS Death Registrations spreadsheet using the in-built filters. This gives the provisional total of deaths registered in any week, which can be distorted by delayed reporting, for example, due to public holidays. Deaths by Welsh Health Boards are excluded to avoid duplication as these are totals of Local authorities. Death occurrences by 'date of death' is the most accurate metric but takes longer to be confirmed.
Provisional cumulative COVID-19 deaths in Worcestershire registered by ONS to 11th November 2022. Just 2 deaths have been registered compared to 5 last week. There was 1 death in hospital in Redditch; and 1 in hospital in Wyre Forest. In England and Wales 422 COVID-19 related deaths were reported in the week to 18th November, 96 less than the week before and a fall of 18%. Of these 58 were in care homes, 47 at home, 15 in a hospice, 298 in hospital and 4 elsewhere. So far this year in England and Wales 30,863 people have died with COVID mentioned on their death certificate.
ONS provisional deaths 'by week reported' in England and Wales 2022 The figures on the Coronavirus Dashboard of ONS deaths by date on the death certificate show ONS England deaths rose to 95 on 14th October, but since fallen to 62 per day on 4th November. In comparison averaged over recent years roughly 1,700 people die daily from all causes in the UK. Click for ONS Coronavirus (COVID-19) latest insights: Deaths NHS England figuresThe chart below shows how daily COVID hospital deaths in England varied between 1st July and 16th November 2022. The main paint to note is that deaths due to the Autumn Wave peaked in the middle of October and have been falling since.
Note: figures for recent days may be incomplete. NHS England figures for WorcestershireThe table below shows the latest COVID deaths in Worcestershire hospitals reported by NHS England on 1st December 2022.
Excludes deaths in care homes, deaths at home and deaths in hospices. Click for NHS COVID-19 total announced deaths Look for COVID Total announced deaths file, then select tab Deaths by Trust. Note: NHS say all deaths are recorded against the date of death rather than the date the deaths were announced. As from 1st July 2022 reporting has moved to publication once per week on a Thursday, rather than every weekday. Trend in Worcestershire COVID deaths this year (overview)Since 1st January 2022 there has been a baseline level of up to 1 COVID death per day in NHS Worcester acute hospitals. A peak of typically up to 3 deaths per day occurred either side of 1st April, with a more recent upturn of up to 2 deaths per day during July 2022. On some days no deaths were reported. With a Worcestershire population of roughly 600,000 and assuming one COVID death per day that equates to 0.06% COVID deaths per year. Taking into account that most deaths are of the elderly the risk of Seniors dying of COVID this year will probably be far less than 0.5%. Worcestershire represents about 1% of the population of England, so all other factors being equal, one might expect the Worcestershire death rate to be one hundredth of the figure for England. COVID deaths in England are now no more than about 400 per week, so for Worcestershire assume a pro rata average of fewer than 5 deaths per week. To get things in perspective, at the present time, Seniors are roughly 20 times more likely to die of something else, for example cancer, heart attack, stroke, and old age. For that reason most people are now taking the view that COVID is no longer a critical threat to their health. Risk of COVID-19 death by age bandNHS England provides an analysis of COVID-19 deaths in hospital in England and Wales by age band. Shown below is a snapshot of 2,898 recent deaths for the period 6th May 2022 to 6th July 2022 when most of these deaths will have been from the Omicron variants.
Relative risk of COVID-19 death by age band May - July 2022 The main point to note is those aged 60+ still account for 93% of deaths despite young people being more likely to catch COVID-19. The risk profile for Omicron appears to be the same as for Delta. Age is still the greatest risk factor; perhaps reflecting that older people have more health problems. According to the Coronavirus Dashboard sex is an additional risk factor - males are roughly 50% more likely to die than women. Healthcare numbersThe UK government Coronavirus Dashboard includes information about healthcare statistics and NHS bed occupancy.
Headline summary of patients in hospital reported on 1st December 2022 Note: 'Patients admitted daily' is the weekly total divided by 7. This number includes both patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 from the community, and those diagnosed with COVID-19 in hospital. The figures suggest cases are just beginning to creep up. See charts on the Coronavirus Dashboard and below. Bed numbers by region in EnglandTabulated figures for COVID bed occupancy in England can be found on the NHS England website providing another indicator of the prevalence of COVID. Click for NHS England COVID-19 Hospital bed Activity statistics Note: see the latest Daily Admissions and Beds spreadsheets, then look for all COVID beds.
Comparison of All beds COVID data for England, London and Midlands In the last week the number of COVID-19 General and Acute beds rose by 8% in England, fell by 1% in London and rose by 3% in the Midlands. For comparison, the number of beds occupied during the peak of the epidemic in January 2021 is shown in red in the right hand column of the table. The chart below shows how COVID bed occupancy due to the Autumn Wave peaked in England about 16th October 2022 and had been falling until the last week when there has been a slight upturn towards 5,000 beds. The peak in beds is usually one week delayed on the peak in daily admissions, and deaths lag beds by a further week.
COVID bed occupancy in England from 1st October to 30th November 2022 Worcestershire hospital bedsBetween 22 November 2022 and 28 November 2022, 32 patients went into hospital with coronavirus. This shows an increase of 28% compared to the previous 7 days. There were 45 patients in hospital with coronavirus on 30 November 2022 two more than the week before; one on a ventilator. Click for Summary of Malvern numbers on the Coronavirus dashboard This link also reports deaths. Deaths in Malvern HillsBetween 20 November 2022 and 26 November 2022, there has been 1 death within 28 days of a positive coronavirus test. Forecast for the week aheadAs a consequence of the Autumn Wave turning downwards we expect somewhere between 300 and 350 COVID related deaths to be registered in England and Wales in week 47 ending 25th November, to be reported by the ONS on 6th December. In the county of Worcestershire, based on 25 new hospital cases last week and assuming the ratio of all deaths (including those in care homes and at home) to be 1:11 of admissions, then there should be no more than 3 COVID deaths per week in the first half of December. NHS COVID bed occupancy in England could rise by up to 10% next week. Longer term outlook (up to the end of January 2023)According to Independent SAGE there are many new Omicron variants circulating but so far none are seen as a variant of concern which might cause a large wave of COVID. Factors favouring a possible increase in infections are:
Recently these factors seem to have been balanced by the Autumn Booster programme and natural immunity following previous infections, with the effective Reproduction Ratio of the virus hovering about 1. Hospital admissions, COVID bed occupancy, the death rate, and the Zoe Health Study all indicate the Autumn Wave is over the worst. However, hospital admissions have begun creeping up indicating a Winter Wave of COVID-19 is possibly on the way. From now on we expect COVID cases to rise due to increased travel and mingling of friends, families, office colleagues, and shoppers during December, and New Year. Given that COVID hospital bed occupancy peaked at 10,608 beds in England, had fallen to 4,600 and is now 4,964 it's likely that the ONS death rate will fall to about 300 and then rise to about 330 deaths per week in England and Wales during the next fortnight or so; thereafter the death rate could continue to climb until the end of January. UCL modellingUCL modelling has been suggesting that the UK ONS COVID death rate could fall to a minimum of about 350 deaths per week during November, which aligns with our expectation. However UCL has revised downwards the projected amplitude of any Winter Wave. Our interpretation of the charts suggests the UK ONS death rate could peak at just 850 deaths per week towards the end of January 2023 which is roughly half earlier projections; so the Winter Wave may turn out not as bad as some commentators have feared. Click for UCL Long-term forecasting of the COVID-19 epidemic NHS COVID BedsIf the UCL projection is near the mark, the number of NHS hospital beds occupied by COVID patients in England could start rising from 5,000 towards 12,000 beds this winter adding to the pressure on the NHS. Additional deaths due to the Winter WaveThings don't look too bad. Prior to New Year the UK COVID-19 death rate looks set to remain below 700 deaths per week. It has been our opinion that as long as the COVID death rate remained below that number neither the public nor the government would be concerned. This threshold now looks unlikely to be exceeded during the remainder of 2022, but could be slightly topped in January and February 2023. We doubt many will be concerned by a 'blip' - possibly of the order of 5,000 additional UK COVID deaths amongst OAPs this winter. Flu and Excess Deaths (above the normal average) will likely turn much greater than any COVID deaths. To put things in perspective, Worcestershire's share might only be of the order of 50 COVID related deaths. In a population of 600,000 few will be concerned about that as, barring new variants of concern, the vast majority (we estimate 99.99%) can be expected to survive any winter bout of COVID-19. Advice for SeniorsWe judge the risk of exposure to COVID-19 remains quite HIGH in England, but remember there are other respiratory viruses circulating that could make you feel just as sick. See our riskometer opposite. Many, perhaps most, healthy people are taking the view that COVID is no longer a critical threat to their health. For the more cautious the simple safeguards are to:
Notes: 1) Wash your hands thoroughly before touching your face to avoid transferring virus from contaminated surfaces to your mouth, eyes and nose. If outdoors, wash hands with an alcohol based hand gel. 2) Two metres is further than you think - roughly an arm and a walking stick away. 3) If you are 'clinically vulnerable' consult your GP or specialist; you may need to take a test and consider anti viral drugs if testing positive. 4) However careful you are, don't be too surprised if you catch COVID as the Omicron variants are highly infectious and the Wuhan vaccines give little protection against transmission and infection (although they do reduce the severity of symptoms). No information yet on the efficacy of the new bivalent vaccines. 5) You may still have to take a test and wear a facemask when travelling to some overseas countries. AnnexCommentaryCrisis in the NHSIn the Independent SAGE update on 11th November 2022, Dr Duncan Robertson highlighted the crisis in the NHS and dramatically worsening ambulance response times. Every winter the media reports the NHS is in crisis but somehow the NHS muddles through. This winter the situation could be different. The NHS appears already overloaded, as evidenced by large numbers of ambulances queued outside many hospitals. Daily admissions due to Flu and RSV are increasing. Nurses and paramedics are threatening to strike about pay and conditions, for example on 20th December, which can only make the situation worse. Nineteen out of twenty beds are already said to be full. 13,000 patients are said to be ready for discharge, but cannot be sent home due to lack of care. The COVID Winter Wave could place more pressure on hospitals with up to 12,000 NHS England beds occupied by COVID patients in January. The NHS announced winter plans in October including Control Centres to monitor and control the flow of patients and resources between hospitals. Click for Guardian article - NHS England to set up 'war rooms' for tough winter ahead Plans are just words and whether these measures have much effect remains to be seen. The NHS will probably not collapse but, unless conditions improve, people may not get an ambulance when they need one, some treatments will be delayed and patients will die before their time. COVID video updatesLinks to updates by Professor Tim Spector of the Zoe Health Study, Independent SAGE and sometimes pundit Dr John Campbell can be found here:- Click to watch Zoe Health Study fortnightly update on 1st December 2022 More about the Intermittent Fasting (IF) study and Poo. Cases of COVID beginning to creep up. Cases of colds and flu starting to climb. Click to watch Independent SAGE weekly update on 2nd December 2022 Independent SAGE is joined by Special Envoy of the WHO on Covid19, Dr David Nabarro who discusses the global status of the pandemic; Prof Anthony Costello and Dr Zubaida Haque hosting, Dr Helen Salisbury chairing, and Prof Christina Pagel presenting numbers. David Nabarro explained the world is still in the middle of the COVID pandemic. Many people particularly in poorer countries have not been vaccinated and the situation in China is unstable. This week Dr John Campbell spoke briefly about Natural Cross Immunity. The suggestion is infection by the Cold and other Coronaviruses might provide some protection from COVID-19. Not sure that's true, but watch the video here:- Click for Dr John Campbell's video - Natural cross immunity confirmed List of vaccinesAutumn bivalent boostersA second bivalent vaccine has been approved 3rd September 2022 as a booster by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) after it was found to meet the UK regulator’s standards of safety, quality and effectiveness. The updated booster vaccine made by Pfizer/BioNTech, targeting the Wuhan virus and Omicron BA.1 variant, has been approved for use in individuals aged 12 years and above. An updated version of the COVID-19 vaccine made by Moderna that targets two coronavirus variants (known as a bivalent vaccine) has been approved for adult booster doses by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) after it was found to meet the UK regulator’s standards of safety, quality and effectiveness. The earlier vaccine storyHere is the updated list of COVID-19 vaccines ordered by the UK. It looks as though the government has settled on the use of Pfizer and Moderna with Astrazeneca now held in reserve. Moderna has been offered for Spring Boosters at the Three Counties Showground. The order for Valneva has been cancelled, but nevertheless it has now been approved for use by MHRA. Click for BBC report - Valneva Covid vaccine approved for use in UK Nuvaxoid (Novavax) was approved in February. The government has signed deals to buy 114 million additional doses of the Pfizer (54M) and Moderna (60M) vaccines to use in 2022 and 2023. The press announcement goes on to say that 60M doses of Novavax vaccine are expected to be delivered in 2022 and 7.5M doses of GSK/Sanofi, so there seems no intention to cancel these late arrivals. Click for Guardian report - Novavax expected to be become fourth Covid vaccine available in UK
Table of vaccines ordered by the UK government
Summary of LinksSome of this information is now out of date but provides a historical context to the epidemic. Information about Coronavirus can be found on the NHS website: https://www.nhs.uk/coronavirus
SymptomsNote: the list of symptoms was updated on 1st April 2022 Article about the effects of Wuhan Coronavirus on the human body
Reporting and how to obtain a testHow to get a test https://www.nhs.uk/coronavirus About joining the Zoe COVID Symptom Study:
GuidanceUK government Coronavirus guidance See also - government sets out next steps for living with COVID COVID-19 Response: Autumn and Winter Plan 2021 for England UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA) website
COVID Alert statesGuidance on UK COVID-19 alert level methodology: an overview COVID-19 Alert Level lowered to 3 on 10th May 2021
TiersGuidance on tiers: what you need to know Government postcode checker to find tier for other areas
StatisticsUK government COVID-19: Omicron daily overview UK government Coronavirus Dashboard Coronavirus Dashboard Interactive Map ONS data on deaths in England and Wales (Excel spreadsheet) NHS England COVID-19 Daily Deaths NHS England COVID-19 Hospital Admissions NHS England vaccination statistics Worcestershire Coronavirus Dashboard Worcestershire COVID-19 Vaccinations Dashboard
HSA COVID-19 vaccine weekly surveillance reports Information about NHS hospital bed numbers: past, present, future
A glimpse of the worldwide vaccination situation can be found on the Our World in Data website. Click for chart showing % vaccinated
ModellingA forecast of the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic can be found on a University College London (UCL) website. Click for UCL Long-term forecasting of the COVID-19 epidemic A projection of the future COVID-19 death toll and daily deaths can be found on The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website. Click for IHME projection of COVID-19 deaths
ReportsCoronavirus (COVID-19) latest insights by ONS A live roundup of the latest data and trends about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic from the ONS and other sources. MedRxiv is a US preprint server for Health Sciences. A depository for reports which have still to be peer reviewed. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 NICE guidance on managing Long COVID
The bigger pictureWorldometer summary of coronavirus cases worldwide European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control info https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019-ncov-cases World Health Organisation info
Window on the USACentre for Disease Control (CDC) Find maps and charts tracking cases, deaths, and trends of COVID-19 in the United States. American Association of Retired People (AARP)
WorcestershireA local summary of COVID data can be found on the Worcestershire Coronavirus Dashboard. Note 1: use the arrow <> buttons at the bottom of the Dashboard screen to move between pages. Note 2: the figures for COVID cases are becoming meaningless as testing is run down. Note 3: deaths are on page 7, and hospital beds on page 9. Click for Worcestershire County Council COVID-19 news There is a colourful webpage offering advice on learning to live with COVID for those aged under 30 years. 'Rona' is slang for Coronavirus. Click for The Worcestershire 'Rona' Hub Click for Simple Summary of Malvern numbers on the Coronavirus dashboard
MiscellaneousSpanish Flu Dr Jeff Kildea's commentary about the 1919 outbreak of Spanish Flu in Australia
Views of Martin McKee, Professor of European Public Health Follow Martin McKee on Twitter Views of Prof Christina Pagel, a member of Independent SAGE Follow Christina Pagel on Twitter
SAGE membership Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE)
Scottish government: Link to Scottish Government website Link to Postcode checker for COVID restrictions by protection level in areas of Scotland
Welsh Government: Guidance on COVID alert levels in Wales
BibliographyWoolhouse, Professor Mark, The Year the World went Mad, published 2022 by Sandstone Press Ltd, ISBN: 978-1-913207-94-3 Medinger Dez, Altmann Danny, The Long Covid Handbook, Penguin Books, 2022. Kindle version available.
The interpretations and opinions expressed are our own |
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Last updated 4th December 2022 |